Projected Table of Contents
A
- Abd al-Jabbar
- abduction (Igor Douven)
- Abelard [Abailard], Peter (Peter King)
- Abhidharma
- Abner of Burgos (Charles Manekin)
- abortion (Margaret Little)
- Abrabanel, Judah (Aaron Hughes)
- abstract objects (Gideon Rosen)
- Academy, Plato's (Wolfgang Mann)
- accidental properties — see essential vs. accidental properties
- Achillini, Alessandro
- action (George Wilson)
- joint — see agency, shared
- logic of — see logic: action
- action, divine
- action at a distance — see quantum mechanics: action at a distance in
- actualism (Christopher Menzel)
- adaptation and adaptationism (Steven Orzack)
- Addams, Jane (Maurice Hamington)
- Adorno, Theodor
- aesthetics — see aesthetics: Adorno and the Frankfurt School
- Adorno, Theodor W. (Lambert Zuidervaart)
- advance directives (Agnieszka Jaworska)
- Aegidius Romanus — see Giles of Rome
- Aenesidemus — see skepticism: ancient
- aesthetic, concept of the (James Shelley)
- aesthetics
- 19th Century Romantic
- Adorno and the Frankfurt School
- aesthetic judgment (Nick Zangwill)
- Africana — see African Philosophy: Africana aesthetics
- Beardsley — see Beardsley, Monroe C.: aesthetics
- British, in the 18th century (James Shelley)
- and cognitive science (Dustin Stokes and Amy Coplan)
- Collingwood — see Collingwood, Robin George: aesthetics
- Croce — see Croce, Benedetto: aesthetics
- Dewey — see Dewey, John: aesthetics
- environmental (Allen Carlson)
- existentialist (Jean-Philippe Deranty)
- feminist — see feminist (interventions): aesthetics
- French, in the 18th century (Jacques Morizot)
- Gadamer — see Gadamer, Hans-Georg: aesthetics
- German, in the 18th century (Paul Guyer)
- Goodman — see Goodman, Nelson: aesthetics
- Hegel — see Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich: aesthetics
- Heidegger — see Heidegger, Martin: aesthetics
- Hume — see Hume, David: aesthetics
- Husserl and phenomenology
- Japanese — see Japanese Philosophy: aesthetics
- late ancient and medieval
- Nietzsche — see Nietzsche, Friedrich: aesthetics
- and the philosophy of art
- Plato — see Plato: aesthetics
- Schopenhauer — see Schopenhauer, Arthur: aesthetics
- Wittgenstein — see Wittgenstein, Ludwig: aesthetics
- affirmative action (Robert Fullinwider)
- Africana Philosophy (Lucius Outlaw)
- African Philosophy
- Africana aesthetics
- communal basis of African art (Ifeanyi Menkiti)
- ethnophilosophy
- in Anglophone Africa
- in Francophone Africa
- meta-philosophy
- philosophy of religion (Elias Bongmba)
- sage philosophy (Dismas Masolo)
- Afro-Caribbean Philosophy
- afterlife (William Hasker)
- agency, shared (Abraham Sesshu Roth)
- agent-relative vs. agent-neutral reasons — see reasons for action: agent-neutral vs. agent-relative
- agnosticism — see atheism and agnosticism
- Agricola, Rudolf
- Agrippa — see skepticism: ancient
- Agrippa von Nettesheim, Heinrich Cornelius (Charles Nauert)
- Akan Philosophy
- ethics and political philosophy
- of the person (Ajume Wingo)
- akrasia — see weakness of will
- Al-Biruni
- Al-Farabi (Therese-Anne Druart)
- Al-Ghazali (Frank Griffel)
- Al-Kindi (Peter Adamson)
- Al-Razi [Fakhr al-Din]
- Alan of Lille
- Alberti, Leon Battista
- Albert of Saxony (Joél Biard)
- Albert the Great [= Albertus magnus] (Markus Führer)
- Albo, Joseph (Dror Ehrlich)
- Alcinous
- Alcmaeon (Carl Huffman)
- Alcuin
- Alemanno, Yohanan
- Alexander, Samuel
- Alexander of Aphrodisias (Dorothea Frede)
- algebra (Vaughan Pratt)
- algebraizations of logics with semantics — see logic: algebraizations of logics with semantics
- Boolean — see Boolean algebra
- algebra of logic tradition (Stanley Burris)
- Alhacen — see Ibn al-Haytham
- alienation
- Althusser, Louis (William Lewis)
- altruism (Justin D'Arms)
- biological (Samir Okasha)
- Alyngton, Robert (Alessandro Conti)
- ambiguity
- Ammonius (David Blank)
- Ammonius Saccas — see Plotinus
- analogy
- medieval theories of (E. Jennifer Ashworth)
- analogy and analogical reasoning (Paul Bartha)
- analysis (Michael Beaney)
- analytic/synthetic distinction (Georges Rey)
- anaphora (Jeffrey C. King)
- anarchism
- Anaxagoras (Patricia Curd)
- Anaxarchus — see Pyrrho
- Anaximander
- Anaximenes
- Anderson, John (C.A.J. (Tony) Coady)
- Andronicus of Rhodes — see Aristotle, commentators on
- animal consciousness — see consciousness: animal
- animalism (Stephan Blatti)
- animal research, ethics of — see ethics, biomedical: research on animals
- animals, moral status of (Lori Gruen)
- anomalous monism (Steven Yalowitz)
- Anscombe, Gertrude Elizabeth Margaret (Julia Driver)
- Anselm, Saint [Anselm of Bec, Anselm of Canterbury] (Thomas Williams)
- Anthony, Susan B.
- anti-realism
- anti-realism, moral — see moral anti-realism
- Antiochus of Ascalon (James Allen)
- Antiphon
- Antisthenes
- a posteriori knowledge — see a priori justification and knowledge
- appearance vs. reality
- epistemological problems of perception — see perception: epistemological problems of
- skepticism — see skepticism
- a priori justification and knowledge (Bruce Russell)
- Aquinas, Saint Thomas (Ralph McInerny and John O'Callaghan)
- moral, political, and legal philosophy (John Finnis)
- Arabic and Islamic Philosophy, disciplines in
- epistemology and philosophy of science
- ethics and action theory
- metaphysics
- natural philosophy and natural science (Jon McGinnis)
- philosophy of language and logic (Tony Street)
- philosophy of religion
- political philosophy
- psychology and philosophy of mind (Alfred Ivry)
- Arabic and Islamic Philosophy, historical and methodological topics in
- Arabic and Islamic Theological Philosophy (Kalam)
- Greek sources (Cristina D'Ancona)
- influence of Arabic and Islamic Philosophy on Judaic thought (Mauro Zonta)
- influence of Arabic and Islamic Philosophy on the Latin West (Dag Nikolaus Hasse)
- interpretations of Arabic and Islamic Philosophy
- Arabic and Islamic Philosophy, special topics in
- causation and occasionalism
- essence and existence
- eternity and time (Taneli Kukkonen)
- Ibn Kammuna — see Ibn Kammuna
- Ikhwan al-Safa (Carmela Baffioni)
- illuminationism
- intentions and intentionality (Deborah Black)
- medical philosophy, Greek and Syriac sources
- medicine and medical philosophy
- mysticism (Mehdi Aminrazavi)
- prophecy
- Arcesilaus (Charles Brittain)
- architecture, philosophy and (Michael Levine and Bill Taylor)
- Archytas (Carl Huffman)
- Arendt, Hannah (Maurizio Passerin d'Entreves)
- arete — see ethics: ancient
- argument
- Argyropoulos, John
- Aristippus — see Cyrenaics
- Ariston of Chios
- Aristotelianism
- commentators on Aristotle — see Aristotle, commentators on
- in the Renaissance (Heinrich Kuhn)
- Aristotle (Christopher Shields)
- Aristotle, commentators on (Andrea Falcon)
- Alexander of Aphrosias — see Alexander of Aphrodisias
- Ammonius — see Ammonius
- David — see David
- Elias — see Elias
- Olympiodorus — see Olympiodorus
- Philoponus — see Philoponus
- Simplicius — see Simplicius
- Themistius — see Themistius
- Aristotle, General Topics
- biology (James Lennox)
- categories (Paul Studtmann)
- ethics (Richard Kraut)
- logic (Robin Smith)
- metaphysics (S. Marc Cohen)
- poetics (Pierre Destrée)
- political theory (Fred Miller)
- psychology (Christopher Shields)
- rhetoric (Christof Rapp)
- Aristotle, Special Topics
- causality (Andrea Falcon)
- mathematics (Henry Mendell)
- natural philosophy (Istvan Bodnar)
- on non-contradiction (Paula Gottlieb)
- textual transmission of Aristotelian corpus
- Arnauld, Antoine (Elmar Kremer)
- Arouet, François-Marie — see Voltaire
- art, conceptual (Elisabeth Schellekens)
- art, definition of (Thomas Adajian)
- art, philosophy of — see aesthetics: and the philosophy of art
- artifact (Risto Hilpinen)
- artificial-intelligence
- ethical issues in (James Moor)
- artificial intelligence (Selmer Bringsjord)
- logic and (Richmond Thomason)
- Asaṇga and Vasubandhu
- aspect — see tense and aspect
- assertion (Peter Pagin)
- assisted suicide — see ethics, biomedical: assisted suicide and the right to die
- Astell, Mary (Alice Sowaal)
- atheism and agnosticism (J. J. C. Smart)
- atomism
- 17th to 20th century (Alan Chalmers)
- ancient (Sylvia Berryman)
- atonement (Thomas D. Senor)
- attention (Christopher Mole)
- attributes — see properties
- auditory perception — see perception: auditory
- Augustine, Saint (Michael Mendelson)
- relation to Greek philosophy (Charles Brittain)
- Auriol [Aureol, Aureoli], Peter (Russell L. Friedman)
- Austin, John (Brian Bix)
- Austin, John Langshaw (Mark Kaplan)
- authority (Tom Christiano)
- legal — see legal obligation and authority
- automated reasoning — see reasoning: automated
- autonomy
- and informed consent — see informed consent
- in moral and political philosophy (John Christman)
- personal (Sarah Buss)
- political — see self-determination, collective
- Averroes — see Ibn Rushd
- Avicebron (Ibn Gabirol) (Sarah Pessin)
- Avicenna [Ibn Sina] (Robert Wisnovsky)
- Ayer, Alfred Jules (Graham Macdonald)
B [jump to top]
- Bacon, Francis (Juergen Klein)
- Bacon, Roger (Jeremiah Hackett)
- Bain, Alexander — see Scottish Philosophy: in the 19th century
- Barbaro, Ermolao
- Barré, François Poullain de la
- basing relation, epistemic (Keith Allen Korcz)
- Baudrillard, Jean (Douglas Kellner)
- Bauer, Bruno (Douglas Moggach)
- Bayes' Theorem (James Joyce)
- Bayle, Pierre (Thomas M. Lennon and Michael Hickson)
- Beardsley, Monroe C.
- aesthetics (Michael Wreen)
- Beattie, James — see Scottish Philosophy: in the 18th Century
- beauty
- Beauvoir, Simone de (Debra Bergoffen)
- Beecher, Catharine Ward
- behaviorism (George Graham)
- being — see existence
- being and becoming — see time
- in modern physics — see space and time: being and becoming in modern physics
- belief (Eric Schwitzgebel)
- belief, ethics of (Andrew Chignell)
- belief, formal representations of (Franz Huber)
- Bell's Theorem (Abner Shimony)
- beneficence, principle of (Tom Beauchamp)
- Beneke, Friedrich Eduard
- Benjamin, Walter (Peter Osborne)
- Bentham, Jeremy
- political philosophy
- Bergmann, Gustav
- Bergson, Henri (Leonard Lawlor and Valentine Moulard)
- Berkeley, George (Lisa Downing)
- Berlin, Isaiah (Joshua Cherniss and Henry Hardy)
- Bessarion, Basil [Cardinal] (John Monfasani)
- Bhartṛhari
- Biel, Gabriel
- binarium famosissimum [= most famous pair] (Paul Vincent Spade)
- biocomplexity
- biodiversity — see ecology: biodiversity
- biological information — see information: biological
- biology
- conservation — see conservation biology
- molecular — see molecular biology
- notion of individual (Robert A. Wilson)
- notion of self — see self: the biological notion of
- teleological notions in — see teleology: teleological notions in biology
- biology, philosophy of (Paul Griffiths)
- feminist — see feminist (interventions): philosophy of biology
- Blackwell, Antoinette Brown
- Blair, Hugh — see Scottish Philosophy: in the 18th Century
- Bloch, Ernst
- Blumenbach, Johann Friedrich
- Bodin, Jean (Mario Turchetti)
- body — see substance
- Boethius, Anicius Manlius Severinus (John Marenbon)
- Bohr, Niels
- correspondence principle (Alisa Bokulich)
- Boltzmann, Ludwig
- Bolzano, Bernard (Edgar Morscher)
- logic (Jan Sebestik)
- Bonaventure, Saint (Tim Noone and R. E. Houser)
- Book of Causes [= Liber de causis]
- Book of Six Principles [= Liber de sex principiis]
- Boole, George (Stanley Burris)
- Boolean algebra
- the mathematics of (J. Donald Monk)
- Bosanquet, Bernard (William Sweet)
- boundary (Achille Varzi)
- Boyle, Robert (J. J. MacIntosh and Peter Anstey)
- Bradley, Francis Herbert (Stewart Candlish)
- moral and political philosophy
- Bradwardine, Thomas
- brain death — see death: definition of
- brains in a vat (Tony Brueckner)
- Brentano, Franz (Wolfgang Huemer)
- theory of judgement (Johannes Brandl)
- Broad, Charles Dunbar
- Brouwer, Luitzen Egbertus Jan (Mark van Atten)
- Brown, Thomas — see Scottish Philosophy: in the 19th century
- Bruni, Leonardo
- Bruno, Giordano (Dilwyn Knox)
- Buber, Martin (Michael Zank)
- Buddha
- Buddhism
- Chinese
- Zen — see Japanese Philosophy: Zen Buddhism
- Büchner, Ludwig
- bundle theory — see substance
- Buridan, John [Jean] (Jack Zupko)
- Burke, Edmund (Ian Harris)
- Burley [Burleigh], Walter (Alessandro Conti)
- Burnet, James [Lord Monboddo] — see Scottish Philosophy: in the 18th Century
- Butler, Joseph
- moral philosophy
- Byzantine philosophy (Katerina Ierodiakonou and Börje Bydén)
C [jump to top]
- Cabanis, Pierre Jean George
- Caird, Edward — see Scottish Philosophy: in the 19th century
- Calcidius
- Callicles — see Plato: Callicles and Thrasymachus
- Cambridge Platonists (Sarah Hutton)
- Campanella, Tommaso (Germana Ernst)
- Campbell, George — see Scottish Philosophy: in the 18th Century
- Camus, Albert (Ron Aronson)
- Cantor, Georg
- Cardano, Girolamo [Geronimo]
- Carnap, Rudolf (Hannes Leitgeb)
- Carneades (James Allen)
- Case, John
- Cassirer, Ernst (Michael Friedman)
- Castellio, Sebastian
- Castiglione, Baldassare
- casuistry — see reasoning: moral
- categories (Amie Thomasson)
- ancient
- medieval theories of (Jorge Gracia and Lloyd Newton)
- category theory (Jean-Pierre Marquis)
- causation
- backward (Jan Faye)
- causal processes (Phil Dowe)
- counterfactual theories of (Peter Menzies)
- in the law (Antony Honoré)
- and manipulability (James Woodward)
- medieval theories of (Graham White)
- mental — see mental causation
- the metaphysics of (Jonathan Schaffer)
- probabilistic (Christopher Hitchcock)
- regularity theories of
- Cavendish, Margaret Lucas (David Cunning)
- Celsus
- censorship — see pornography: and censorship
- certainty (Baron Reed)
- Cesalpino, Andrea
- Chaldaean Oracles
- chance
- versus randomness (Antony Eagle)
- change (Chris Mortensen)
- chaos (Robert Bishop)
- Chapone, Hester
- character, moral (Marcia Homiak)
- character/trait
- Chartres, school of
- Châtalet, Émilie du (Karen Detlefsen)
- Chatton, Walter (Rondo Keele)
- chemistry, philosophy of (Andrea I. Woody and Janet Stemwedel)
- childhood, the philosophy of (Gareth Matthews)
- children, philosophy for (Michael Pritchard)
- chimeras, human/non-human — see ethics, biomedical: chimeras, human/non-human
- Chinese ethics — see ethics: Chinese
- Chinese Philosophy
- legalism
- Chinese room argument (David Cole)
- Chisholm, Roderick (Richard Feldman and Fred Feldman)
- choice, axiom of (John L. Bell)
- choice, dynamic (Chrisoula Andreou)
- choice, social — see social choice theory
- Christian theology, philosophy and (Michael Murray and Michael Rea)
- Christine de Pizan [Pisan]
- Chrysippus
- Church, Alonzo (C. Anthony Anderson and Harry Deutsch)
- Church-Turing Thesis (B. Jack Copeland)
- Church's Thesis — see Church-Turing Thesis
- Cicero (Charles Brittain)
- Cieszkowski, August
- citizenship (Dominique Leydet)
- Civic education (Jack Crittenden)
- civic humanism (Athanasios Moulakis)
- civil disobedience (Kimberley Brownlee)
- civil rights (Andrew Altman)
- civil society
- Clarke, Samuel (Ezio Vailati)
- Classical Indian Philosophy
- concept of emotion
- epistemology
- language and testimony
- logic
- mental causation and consciousness
- naturalism
- perceptual experience and concepts
- personhood
- self-knowledge
- Cleanthes
- Clement of Alexandria — see doxography of ancient philosophy
- Clifford, William Kingdon
- clinical research, ethics of — see ethics, biomedical: clinical research
- cloning (Katrien Devolder)
- Cockburn, Catharine Trotter (Patricia Sheridan)
- coercion (Scott Anderson)
- cognition
- embodied (Robert A. Wilson)
- motor-based theories of — see motor-based theories of perception and cognition
- cognition, animal (Kristin Andrews)
- cognitive science (Paul Thagard)
- cognitivism vs. non-cognitivism, moral (Mark van Roojen)
- Cohen, Hermann (Scott Edgar)
- Coignet, Clarisse
- Coimbra
- University of
- Collingwood, Robin George (Giuseppina D'Oro)
- aesthetics (Gary Kemp)
- Collins, Anthony (William Uzgalis)
- colonialism (Margaret Kohn)
- color (Barry Maund)
- common good
- common knowledge (Peter Vanderschraaf and Giacomo Sillari)
- communitarianism (Daniel Bell)
- comparative philosophy
- Chinese and Western (David Wong)
- compatibilism (Michael McKenna)
- competence, in biomedical decision-making — see decision-making capacity
- composition, the vagueness of — see many, problem of
- compositionality (Zoltán Gendler Szabó)
- computability
- historical development of (Jean Mosconi and Jacques Dubucs)
- computability and complexity (Neil Immerman)
- computation
- in physical systems (Gualtiero Piccinini)
- computational linguistics — see linguistics: computational
- computational theory of mind — see mind: computational theory of
- computer and information ethics
- basic concepts and historical overview (Terrell Bynum)
- computer science, philosophy of (Raymond Turner and Amnon Eden)
- computing
- modern history of (B. Jack Copeland)
- and moral responsibility (Kari Gwen Coleman)
- Comte, Auguste (Michel Bourdeau)
- concepts (Eric Margolis and Stephen Laurence)
- conceptualism
- condemnation of 1277 (Hans Thijssen)
- Condillac, Étienne Bonnot de (Lorne Falkenstein)
- conditionals (Dorothy Edgington)
- counterfactual (Kai von Fintel)
- logic of — see logic: conditionals
- Condorcet, Marie-Jean-Antoine-Nicolas de Caritat, Marquis de
- in the history of feminism (Joan Landes)
- confirmation (Branden Fitelson)
- Confucianism
- Neo-Confucianism — see Neo-Confucianism
- Confucius (Jeffrey Riegel)
- connectionism (James Garson)
- connectives (Lloyd Humberstone)
- conscience
- medieval theories of (Douglas Langston)
- consciousness (Robert Van Gulick)
- animal (Colin Allen)
- higher-order theories (Peter Carruthers)
- and intentionality (Charles Siewert)
- neuroscience of (Ned Block)
- representational theories of (William Lycan)
- self- — see self-consciousness
- temporal (Barry Dainton)
- unity of (Andrew Brook and Paul Raymont)
- consensus
- consent — see political obligation
- consequentialism (Walter Sinnott-Armstrong)
- rule (Brad Hooker)
- conservation biology (Sahotra Sarkar)
- conservatism (Chandran Kukathas)
- constitutionalism (Wil Waluchow)
- constructive empiricism (Bradley Monton and Chad Mohler)
- constructive type theory — see type theory: constructive
- constructivism
- in metaethics (Carla Bagnoli)
- in political philosophy (Andrew Williams)
- content — see mental content
- contextualism, epistemic (Patrick Rysiew)
- Continental Rationalism (Thomas M. Lennon and Shannon Dea)
- contingent truth — see truth: necessary vs. contingent
- continuant — see change
- continuity and infinitesimals (John L. Bell)
- Continuum Hypothesis, The (Peter Koellner)
- contractarianism (Ann Cudd)
- contracts, theories of (Michael G. Pratt)
- contractualism (Elizabeth Ashford and Tim Mulgan)
- contradiction (Laurence R. Horn)
- convention (Michael Rescorla)
- Conway, Lady Anne (Sarah Hutton)
- Copernicus, Nicolaus (Sheila Rabin)
- Cordemoy, Geraud de (Fred Ablondi)
- corruption (Seumas Miller)
- cosmological argument (Bruce Reichenbach)
- cosmology
- ancient
- methodological debates in the 1930s and 1940s (George Gale)
- and theology
- cosmopolitanism (Pauline Kleingeld and Eric Brown)
- counterfactuals — see conditionals: counterfactual
- counterpart theory — see possible objects
- Cousin, Victor
- Crathorn, William (Aurélien Robert)
- Cratylus
- creation and conservation (Jonathan Kvanvig)
- creationism (Michael Ruse)
- Cremonini, Cesare
- Crescas, Hasdai (James T. Robinson)
- criminal law, theories of (Antony Duff)
- critical theory (James Bohman)
- Croce, Benedetto
- aesthetics (Gary Kemp)
- Cudworth, Ralph — see Cambridge Platonists
- cultural evolution — see evolution: cultural
- culture
- and cognitive science (Jesse Prinz)
- Culverwell, Nathaniel — see Cambridge Platonists
- Curry's paradox (JC Beall)
- Cusanus, Nicolaus [Nicolas of Cusa] (Clyde Lee Miller)
- Cynics, ancient
- Cyrenaics
- Czolbe, Heinrich
D [jump to top]
- Damascius
- Damian, Peter (Toivo J. Holopainen)
- Dante Alighieri (Winthrop Wetherbee)
- Daoism — see Taoism
- Neo-Daoism — see Neo-Taoism
- Darwin, Charles
- Darwinism (James Lennox)
- Dasein — see Heidegger, Martin
- Daud, Abraham Ibn — see Ibn Daud, Abraham
- David (Christian Wildberg)
- Davidson, Donald (Jeff Malpas)
- death (Steven Luper)
- definition of (David DeGrazia)
- de Beauvoir, Simone — see Beauvoir, Simone de
- deception
- definition of — see lying and deception: definition of
- self — see self-deception
- decision-making capacity (Louis Charland)
- decision theory
- causal (Paul Weirich)
- deconstruction
- Dedekind, Richard
- contributions to the foundations of mathematics (Erich Reck)
- defaults in semantics and pragmatics (K. M. Jaszczolt)
- definitions (Anil Gupta)
- deism
- in the 18th century
- Deleuze, Gilles (Daniel Smith and John Protevi)
- Del Medigo, Elia
- Delmedigo, Elijah (Jacob Ross)
- De Maistre, Joseph
- demarcation of science — see science and pseudo-science
- democracy (Tom Christiano)
- Democritus (Sylvia Berryman)
- demonstration
- Aristotle's theory of — see Aristotle, General Topics: logic
- medieval theories of (John Longeway)
- demonstratives — see indexicals
- De Morgan, Augustus
- denotation — see reference
- deontological ethics — see ethics: deontological
- dependence, ontological (E. Jonathan Lowe)
- Derrida, Jacques (Leonard Lawlor)
- Derveni papyrus
- Descartes, René (Gary Hatfield)
- epistemology (Lex Newman)
- ethics (Donald Rutherford)
- life and works (Kurt Smith)
- mathematics (Lisa Shabel)
- modal metaphysics (David Cunning)
- ontological argument (Lawrence Nolan)
- physics (Edward Slowik)
- and the pineal gland (Gert-Jan Lokhorst)
- theory of emotion — see emotion: 17th and 18th century theories of
- theory of ideas (Andrew Pessin)
- descriptions (Peter Ludlow)
- desert (Owen McLeod)
- Desgabets, Robert (Patricia Easton)
- design, argument from — see teleology: teleological arguments for God's existence
- desire (Tim Schroeder)
- Destutt de Tracy, Antoine Louis Claude
- determinates vs. determinables (David H. Sanford)
- determinism
- ancient theories of — see freedom: ancient theories of
- causal (Carl Hoefer)
- developmental biology (Lenny Moss and Paul Griffiths)
- epigenesis and preformationism (Jane Maienschein)
- evolution and development (Jason Scott Robert)
- Dewey, John
- aesthetics (Tom Leddy)
- moral philosophy (Elizabeth Anderson)
- political philosophy (Matthew Festenstein)
- Dharmakīrti — see Diṅāga and Dharmakīrti
- Diṅāga and Dharmakīrti
- diagrams (Sun-Joo Shin and Oliver Lemon)
- dialectic
- Dialectical School (Susanne Bobzien)
- dialetheism [dialethism] (Graham Priest)
- Diderot, Denis (JB Shank)
- Dietrich of Freiberg (Markus Führer)
- Dilthey, Wilhelm (Rudolf Makkreel)
- Diodorus Cronus (David Sedley)
- Diogenes Laertius — see doxography of ancient philosophy
- Diogenes of Apollonia
- Diogenes of Oenoanda
- Diogenes of Sinope
- Dionysius the Areopagite — see Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite
- dirty hands (C.A.J. (Tony) Coady)
- disability (David Wasserman and Adrienne Asch)
- feminist perspectives on — see feminist (topics): perspectives on disability
- discourse representation theory (Bart Geurts and David I. Beaver)
- disease — see health
- disjunction (Ray Jennings)
- disposition
- dispositions (Michael Fara)
- Dissoi Logoi — see Sophists
- distributive justice — see justice: distributive
- diversity
- religious — see religious diversity
- divine, concepts of the — see God: concepts of
- divine command theory — see voluntarism, theological
- divine illumination (Robert Pasnau)
- doctor-patient relationship — see ethics, biomedical: provider-patient relationship
- doing vs. allowing harm (Frances Howard-Snyder)
- domestic partnership and marriage — see marriage and domestic partnership
- domination
- donation and sale of human organs (Steve Wilkinson)
- double effect, doctrine of (Alison McIntyre)
- doxography of ancient philosophy (Jaap Mansfeld)
- Drake, Judith
- Droysen, Johann Gustav
- dualism (Howard Robinson)
- Du Bosc, Jacques
- Duhem, Pierre (Roger Ariew)
- Dunbar, James — see Scottish Philosophy: in the 18th Century
- Duns Scotus, John (Thomas Williams)
- Dutch book arguments (Susan Vineberg)
- dynamic epistemic logic — see logic: dynamic epistemic
E [jump to top]
- Early Modern India, analytic philosophy in (Jonardon Ganeri)
- Ebreo, Leone
- Eckhart, Meister — see Meister Eckhart
- ecology (Sahotra Sarkar)
- biodiversity (Daniel P. Faith)
- conservation biology — see conservation biology
- economics, philosophy of (Daniel M. Hausman)
- economics and economic justice (Marc Fleurbaey)
- education, philosophy of (D.C. Phillips)
- Edwards, Jonathan (William Wainwright)
- egalitarianism (Richard Arneson)
- egoism (Robert Shaver)
- Einstein, Albert
- Einstein-Bohr debates
- the hole argument — see space and time: the hole argument
- philosophy of science (Don A. Howard)
- Elias (Christian Wildberg)
- Elizabeth of Bohemia
- emergent properties (Timothy O'Connor and Hong Yu Wong)
- Emerson, Ralph Waldo (Russell Goodman)
- emotion (Ronald de Sousa)
- 17th and 18th century theories of (Amy M. Schmitter)
- in the Christian tradition (Robert Roberts)
- medieval theories of (Martin Pickavé)
- empathy (Karsten Stueber)
- Empedocles (Richard Parry)
- empiricism — see rationalism vs. empiricism
- constructive — see constructive empiricism
- logical (Richard Creath)
- end of life, medicine and (Margaret Battin)
- Engels, Friedrich
- Enlightenment (William Bristow)
- entailment — see logical consequence
- entropy
- and information processing — see information processing: and thermodynamic entropy
- environmentalism (Alan Carter)
- envy (Justin D'Arms)
- Epictetus (Margaret Graver)
- Epicureanism
- Epicurus (David Konstan)
- epiphenomenalism (William Robinson)
- episteme and techne [= scientific knowledge and expertise] (Richard Parry)
- epistemic basing relation — see basing relation, epistemic
- epistemic closure principle (Steven Luper)
- epistemic logic
- medieval
- epistemic paradoxes (Roy Sorensen)
- epistemology (Matthias Steup)
- Bayesian (William Talbott)
- contextualism in — see contextualism, epistemic
- and ethics
- evolutionary (Michael Bradie and William Harms)
- feminist — see feminist (interventions): epistemology and philosophy of science
- moral — see moral epistemology
- moral, a priorism in — see moral epistemology: a priorism in
- naturalized (Richard Feldman)
- reliabilism — see reliabilism
- social (Alvin Goldman)
- social feminist — see feminist (interventions): social epistemology
- virtue (John Greco)
- epsilon calculus (Jeremy Avigad and Richard Zach)
- equality (Stefan Gosepath)
- of opportunity (Richard Arneson)
- equivalence of mass and energy (Francisco Flores)
- Erasmus, Desiderius (Charles Nauert)
- Erdmann, Johannes
- ergodic hierarchy (Roman Frigg, Joseph Berkovitz, and Fred Kronz)
- Eriugena, John Scottus (Dermot Moran)
- Erxleben, Dorothea Christiana Leporin
- essence
- medieval theories of
- essentialism — see essential vs. accidental properties
- essential vs. accidental properties (Teresa Robertson)
- eternity (Paul Helm)
- medieval discussions of
- ethics
- ancient (Richard Parry)
- of belief — see belief, ethics of
- business (Alexei Marcoux)
- Chinese (David Wong)
- computer and information — see computer and information ethics: basic concepts and historical overview
- deontological (Larry Alexander and Michael Moore)
- environmental (Andrew Brennan and Yeuk-Sze Lo)
- feminist — see feminist (interventions): ethics
- natural law tradition (Mark Murphy)
- and personal identity — see personal identity: and ethics
- utilitarian — see consequentialism
- virtue (Rosalind Hursthouse)
- ethics, applied
- phenomenological approaches to ethics and information technology — see information technology: phenomenological approaches to ethics and
- ethics, biomedical
- abortion — see abortion
- advanced directives and substitute decision-making — see advance directives
- assisted suicide and the right to die
- chimeras, human/non-human (Robert Streiffer)
- clinical research (David Wendler)
- cloning — see cloning
- decision-making capacity — see decision-making capacity
- disability — see disability
- disease and health, concepts of — see health
- donation and sale of human organs — see donation and sale of human organs
- genetic engineering — see genetic engineering
- human enhancement — see human enhancement
- informed consent — see informed consent
- international public health — see public health: international
- justice, inequality, and health (Gopal Sreenivasan)
- justice and access to health care (Norman Daniels)
- justice and allocation of scarce resources
- medicine and markets (Madison Powers)
- pregnancy, birth, and medicine — see pregnancy, birth, and medicine
- privacy and medicine (Anita Allen)
- provider-patient relationship
- public health ethics — see public health: ethics
- race and health
- reproductive technologies and arrangements — see reproductive technologies
- research on animals
- stem cell research (Andrew Siegel)
- theory (John Arras)
- ethics, morality and practical reason — see morality and practical reason
- eudaimonia — see ethics: ancient
- Eudoxus (Henry Mendell)
- euthanasia
- voluntary (Robert Young)
- Evans, Gareth
- events (Roberto Casati and Achille Varzi)
- evidence (Thomas Kelly)
- the legal concept of
- evidence, scientific — see confirmation
- evil, problem of (Michael Tooley)
- evolution (Phillip Sloan)
- cultural (Tim Lewens)
- evolutionary game theory — see game theory: evolutionary
- evolutionary psychology — see psychology: evolutionary
- existence (Barry Miller)
- medieval theories of
- existentialism (Steven Crowell)
- aesthetics — see aesthetics: existentialist
- experimental moral philosophy (Don Loeb)
- experimentation
- in physics — see physics: experiment in
- explanation
- functional (Mark B. Couch)
- in mathematics — see mathematics: explanation in
- scientific — see scientific explanation
- exploitation (Alan Wertheimer)
- extrinsic — see intrinsic vs. extrinsic properties
- Ezra, Abraham Ibn — see Ibn Ezra, Abraham
F [jump to top]
- Fackenheim, Emil (Michael Morgan)
- facts (Kevin Mulligan and Fabrice Correia)
- faith (John Bishop)
- Falaquera, Shem Tov Ibn (Steve Harvey)
- fallacies — see logic: informal
- medieval theories of
- false consciousness — see self-deception: collective
- fatalism (Hugh Rice)
- Fechner, Gustav Theodor (Michael Heidelberger)
- federalism (Andreas Føllesdal)
- Feigl, Herbert (Wade Savage)
- feminism, approaches to (Nancy Tuana)
- analytic philosophy (Ann Garry)
- continental philosophy (Ann J. Cahill)
- intersections between analytic and continental philosophy (Georgia Warnke)
- intersections between pragmatist and continental philosophy (Shannon Sullivan)
- pragmatism (Judy Whipps)
- psychoanalytic philosophy (Emily Zakin)
- feminism, history of
- English Renaissance feminist pamphlet writers
- French Renaissance contributions to querelle des femmes (debate over women)
- French Revolutionary feminist pamphlet writers
- Italian Renaissance feminist writers
- literature on the equality or superiority of women
- feminist (interventions)
- aesthetics (Carolyn Korsmeyer)
- bioethics (Anne Donchin)
- environmental philosophy (Karen Warren)
- epistemology and philosophy of science (Elizabeth Anderson)
- ethics (Rosemarie Tong and Nancy Williams)
- history of philosophy (Charlotte Witt)
- liberal feminism (Amy R. Baehr)
- metaphysics (Sally Haslanger)
- moral psychology (Anita Superson)
- philosophy of biology (Carla Fehr)
- philosophy of language (Jennifer Saul)
- philosophy of law (Patricia Smith)
- philosophy of mind (Julie Yoo)
- philosophy of religion (Nancy Frankenberry)
- political philosophy (Noelle McAfee)
- radical feminism (Christine Cuomo)
- social epistemology (Heidi Grasswick)
- feminist (topics) (Sally Haslanger and Nancy Tuana)
- perspectives on autonomy (Natalie Stoljar)
- perspectives on class and work (Ann Ferguson)
- perspectives on disability (Anita Silvers)
- perspectives on globalization (Carol Gould and Shelley Wilcox)
- perspectives on human rights
- perspectives on masculinity
- perspectives on objectification (Evangelia (Lina) Papadaki)
- perspectives on power (Amy Allen)
- perspectives on race and racism
- perspectives on rape (Rebecca Whisnant)
- perspectives on reproduction and the family (Debra Satz)
- perspectives on science (Alison Wylie, Elizabeth Potter, and Wenda K. Bauchspies)
- perspectives on sex and gender (Mari Mikkola)
- perspectives on sex markets (Laurie Shrage)
- perspectives on sexuality
- perspectives on the body (Kathleen Lennon)
- perspectives on the self (Diana Meyers)
- perspectives on trans issues (Talia Bettcher)
- Ferguson, Adam — see Scottish Philosophy: in the 18th Century
- Ferrier, James — see Scottish Philosophy: in the 19th century
- Feuerbach, Ludwig Andreas (Van A. Harvey)
- Feyerabend, Paul (John Preston)
- Fichte, Immanuel Hermann
- Fichte, Johann Gottlieb (Dan Breazeale)
- Ficino, Marsilio (Christopher Celenza)
- fiction (Fred Kroon and Alberto Voltolini)
- fictionalism (Matti Eklund)
- in the philosophy of mathematics — see mathematics, philosophy of: fictionalism
- modal (Daniel Nolan)
- fideism (Richard Amesbury)
- Filelfo, Francesco
- film, philosophy of (Thomas Wartenberg)
- finitism (Shaughan Lavine)
- Fischer, Kuno
- Fitch's paradox of knowability (Berit Brogaard and Joe Salerno)
- fitness (Alexander Rosenberg and Frederic Bouchard)
- fitting attitude theories of value (Daniel Jacobson)
- folk psychology
- as mental simulation (Robert M. Gordon)
- as a theory (Ian Ravenscroft)
- Fonseca, Petrus
- foreknowledge, divine — see free will: divine foreknowledge and
- formalism
- in the philosophy of mathematics — see mathematics, philosophy of: formalism
- formal representations of belief — see belief, formal representations of
- Forms [Platonic] — see Plato: middle period metaphysics and epistemology
- form vs. matter
- Forster, Georg
- Foucault, Michel (Gary Gutting)
- four dimensionalism — see temporal parts
- Fox, Margaret Fell
- frame problem (Murray Shanahan)
- Francis of Marchia (Christopher Schabel)
- Frankfurt School
- aesthetics — see aesthetics: Adorno and the Frankfurt School
- free choice
- medieval theories of[= liberum arbitrium]
- freedom — see liberty
- ancient theories of (Susanne Bobzien)
- of association
- divine (William Rowe)
- positive and negative — see liberty: positive and negative
- of speech (David van Mill)
- free rider problem (Russell Hardin)
- free will (Timothy O'Connor)
- (nondeterministic) theories of — see incompatibilism: (nondeterministic) theories of free will
- divine foreknowledge and (Linda Zagzebski)
- Frege, Gottlob (Edward N. Zalta)
- controversy with Hilbert (Patricia Blanchette)
- logic, theorem, and foundations for arithmetic (Edward N. Zalta)
- Freud, Sigmund
- friendship (Bennett Helm)
- Fries, Johann Friedrich
- Fuller, Margaret
- function
- in biology — see teleology: teleological notions in biology
- recursive (Piergiorgio Odifreddi)
- functionalism (Janet Levin)
- future contingents (Per Hasle and Peter Øhrstrøm)
- medieval theories of (Simo Knuuttila)
- Fyodorov, Nikolai
G [jump to top]
- Gadamer, Hans-Georg (Jeff Malpas)
- aesthetics (Nicholas Davey)
- Gage, Matilda Joslyn
- Galen
- Galenism
- in the Renaissance
- Galileo Galilei (Peter Machamer)
- games, infinite
- axiom of determinacy — see set theory: axiom of determinacy for infinite games
- game theory (Don Ross)
- and ethics (Bruno Verbeek and Christopher Morris)
- evolutionary (J. McKenzie Alexander)
- Garlandus Compotista
- Gassendi, Pierre (Saul Fisher)
- Gaza, Theodore
- Gelukpa [dge lugs pa]
- gene (Hans-Jörg Rheinberger and Staffan Müller-Wille)
- generalized quantifiers (Dag Westerståhl)
- general relativity
- early philosophical interpretations of (Thomas A. Ryckman)
- general will
- genetic engineering
- genetics
- evolutionary (Michael Wade)
- and genomics (Ken Waters)
- genotype/phenotype distinction (Richard Lewontin)
- molecular (Ken Waters)
- population (Samir Okasha)
- geometry
- finitism in (Jean-Paul Van Bendegem)
- in the 19th century (Roberto Torretti)
- non-Archimedean
- Gerard, Alexander — see Scottish Philosophy: in the 18th Century
- German Philosophy
- in the 18th century, prior to Kant (Brigitte Sassen)
- Gersonides (Tamar Rudavsky)
- Gilbert of Poitiers [Gilbert de la Porée]
- Giles of Rome (Roberto Lambertini)
- Giorgio, Francesco
- given, the — see justification, epistemic: foundationalist theories of
- globalization (William Scheuerman)
- Gobinear, Joseph
- God
- concepts of (William Wainwright)
- and other necessary beings (Matthew Davidson)
- God, arguments for belief in
- pragmatic — see pragmatic arguments for belief in God
- God, arguments for the existence of
- cosmological — see cosmological argument
- Descartes' ontological — see Descartes, René: ontological argument
- moral arguments (Peter Byrne)
- ontological — see ontological arguments
- teleological — see teleology: teleological arguments for God's existence
- Godfrey of Fontaines (John Wippel)
- Godwin, William (Mark Philp)
- Gödel, Kurt (Juliette Kennedy)
- completeness theorem
- contributions to relativity theory
- incompleteness theorem (Panu Raatikainen)
- Goes, Emanuel — see Coimbra: University of
- Goodman, Nelson (Daniel Cohnitz and Marcus Rossberg)
- aesthetics (Alessandro Giovannelli)
- goodness, perfect (Thomas D. Senor)
- Gorampa [go rams pa]
- Gorgias
- Gouges, Olympe de
- Gournay, Marie le Jars de
- grace
- early modern theories of
- grammar
- categorial — see grammar: type logical
- type logical (Michael Moortgat)
- grammar, speculative
- medieval theories of
- Green, Thomas Hill (Colin Tyler)
- Gregory of Rimini (Christopher Schabel)
- Grice, Paul (Richard E. Grandy and Richard Warner)
- Grimke, Angelina and Sarah
- Grosseteste, Robert (Neil Lewis)
- Grote, George
- Grotius, Hugo (Jon Miller)
- group rights — see rights: group
- Gruppe, O. H.
H [jump to top]
- Habermas, Jürgen (James Bohman and William Rehg)
- haecceity — see substance
- medieval theories of (Richard Cross)
- Haeckel, Ernst
- Halevi, Judah (Barry Kogan)
- Haller, Karl Friedrich
- Hamann, Johann Georg (Gwen Griffith-Dickson)
- Hamilton, William — see Scottish Philosophy: in the 19th century
- Hanfeizi
- happiness (Dan Haybron)
- Hare, Richard Mervyn
- Hartley, David (Richard Allen)
- Hartmann, Eduard
- Hartmann, Nicolai (Armin Wildfeuer)
- Hartshorne, Charles (Dan Dombrowski)
- Hayek, Friedrich (Chandran Kukathas)
- Hays, Mary
- health (Dominic Murphy)
- heaven and hell (Jonathan Kvanvig)
- hedonism (Andrew Moore)
- Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich (Paul Redding)
- aesthetics (Stephen Houlgate)
- Hegelianism, Young
- Heidegger, Martin (Michael Wheeler)
- aesthetics (Iain Thomson)
- Heine, Heinrich
- hell — see heaven and hell
- Hellenistic medical epistemology
- Hellenistic Philosophy
- Helmholtz, Hermann von (Lydia Patton)
- Hempel, Carl (James Fetzer)
- Henry of Ghent (Pasquale Porro)
- Heraclides of Pontus
- Heraclitus (Daniel W. Graham)
- Herbart, Johann Friedrich (Alan Kim)
- Herder, Johann Gottfried von (Michael Forster)
- heredity and heritability (Stephen M. Downes)
- Héricourt, Jenny Poinsard d'
- hermeneutics (Bjørn Ramberg and Kristin Gjesdal)
- Hermes Trismegisthus — see hermetism
- Hermetic writings
- hermetism
- Hertz, Heinrich
- Herzen, Alexander
- Hesiod
- Heytesbury, William (John Longeway)
- Hierocles
- Hilbert, David
- controversy with Frege — see Frege, Gottlob: controversy with Hilbert
- program in the foundations of mathematics (Richard Zach)
- Hippias — see Sophists
- Hippocratic medicine
- Hirsch, Samson Raphael
- historiography
- in Latin American and Iberian philosophy
- history, philosophy of (Daniel Little)
- Hobbes, Thomas
- moral and political philosophy (Sharon A. Lloyd and Susanne Sreedhar)
- speculative philosophy
- theory of emotion — see emotion: 17th and 18th century theories of
- Hölderlin, Johann Christian Friedrich
- Holbach, Paul-Henri Thiry (Baron) d' (Michael LeBuffe)
- holes (Roberto Casati and Achille Varzi)
- Holkot [Holcot], Robert (Hester Gelber)
- Holst, Amalia
- Home, Henry [Lord Kames] — see Scottish Philosophy: in the 18th Century
- Homer
- homology — see character/trait
- homosexuality (Brent Pickett)
- Hook, Sidney (David Sidorsky)
- Hooker, Richard
- Horkheimer, Max
- Hugh of St. Victor
- human enhancement (Eric Juengst)
- human genome project (Lisa Gannett)
- humanism
- civic — see civic humanism
- in the Renaissance (Eckhard Keßler)
- human rights — see rights: human
- human test subjects — see ethics, biomedical: clinical research
- Humboldt, Wilhelm von (Kurt Mueller-Vollmer)
- Hume, David (William Edward Morris)
- aesthetics (Ted Gracyk)
- and Kant on causality — see Kant, Immanuel: and Hume on causality
- and Kant on morality — see Kant, Immanuel: and Hume on morality
- moral philosophy (Rachel Cohon)
- Newtonianism and Anti-Newtonianism (Eric Schliesser)
- on free will (Paul Russell)
- on religion (Paul Russell)
- theory of emotion — see emotion: 17th and 18th century theories of
- Husserl, Edmund (Christian Beyer)
- aesthetics — see aesthetics: Husserl and phenomenology
- Hutcheson, Francis — see Scottish Philosophy: in the 18th Century
- theory of emotion — see emotion: 17th and 18th century theories of
- Hutton, James — see Scottish Philosophy: in the 18th Century
- Huxley, Thomas Henry
- hybrid logic — see logic: hybrid
- Hypatia
I [jump to top]
- Iamblichus
- Iberville, Pierre Le Moyne d'
- Ibn al-Haytham
- Ibn Arabi (William Chittick)
- Ibn Bajja (Josep Puig Montada)
- Ibn Daud, Abraham (Resianne Fontaine)
- Ibn Ezra, Abraham (Tzvi Langermann)
- Ibn Falaquera, Shem Tov — see Falaquera, Shem Tov Ibn
- Ibn Hazm
- Ibn Kammuna (Tzvi Langermann)
- Ibn Khaldun
- Ibn Matta
- Ibn Nazzam
- Ibn Paquda, Bahya
- Ibn Rushd (Richard Taylor)
- Ibn Sina — see Avicenna
- Ibn Taymiyya
- Ibn Tibbon, Samuel — see Tibbon, Samuel Ibn
- Ibn Tufayl
- idealism
- British
- ideas
- identity (Harold Noonan)
- of indiscernibles (Peter Forrest)
- over time (Andre Gallois)
- personal — see personal identity
- relative (Harry Deutsch)
- transworld (Penelope Mackie)
- identity politics (Cressida Heyes)
- identity theory of mind (J. J. C. Smart)
- idiolects (Alex Barber)
- Ignatius of Loyola
- imagery, mental — see mental imagery
- imagination (Tamar Gendler)
- imitation game — see Turing test
- immortality — see afterlife
- immunology, philosophy of — see self: the biological notion of
- immutability (Brian Leftow)
- impartiality (Troy Jollimore)
- implicature (Wayne Davis)
- optimality theoretic and game theoretic approaches (Robert van Rooij)
- impossible worlds (Francesco Berto)
- incommensurability
- of scientific theories (Eric Oberheim and Paul Hoyningen-Huene)
- of values — see value: incommensurable
- incomparable values — see value: incommensurable
- incompatibilism
- (nondeterministic) theories of free will (Randolph Clarke)
- arguments for (Kadri Vihvelin)
- indeterminacy of translation
- indexicals (David Braun)
- Indian Buddhist Philosophy
- ethics
- mind
- individual, biological notion of — see biology: notion of individual
- individualism, methodological (Joseph Heath)
- individuals
- individuation
- medieval theories of
- Indo-Tibetan epistemology and theory of Language
- induction
- new problem of
- problem of (John Vickers)
- inductive logic — see logic: inductive
- inequality — see equality
- inertial systems — see space and time: inertial frames
- inference to the best explanation — see abduction
- infinitesimals — see continuity and infinitesimals
- infinity
- informal logic — see logic: informal
- information
- biological (Peter Godfrey-Smith and Kim Sterelny)
- semantic conceptions of (Luciano Floridi)
- information processing
- and thermodynamic entropy (Owen Maroney)
- information technology
- and moral values
- phenomenological approaches to ethics and (Lucas Introna)
- and privacy
- informed consent (Nir Eyal)
- Ingarden, Roman (Amie Thomasson)
- inherence — see substance
- innate/acquired distinction (Paul Griffiths)
- innateness
- and contemporary theories of cognition (Jerry Samet)
- historical controversies (Jerry Samet)
- and language (Fiona Cowie)
- inscrutability of reference — see indeterminacy of translation
- insolubles [= insolubilia] (Paul Vincent Spade)
- instrumental rationality — see rationality: instrumental
- integrity (Damian Cox, Marguerite La Caze, and Michael Levine)
- intelligent design, theory of — see creationism
- intensional transitive verbs (Graeme Forbes)
- intention (Kieran Setiya)
- intentionality (Pierre Jacob)
- collective (David Schweikard and Hans Bernhard Schmid)
- consciousness and — see consciousness: and intentionality
- in ancient philosophy (Victor Caston)
- medieval theories of
- internal vs. external reasons for action — see reasons for action: internal vs. external
- intrinsic vs. extrinsic properties (Brian Weatherson)
- introspection (Eric Schwitzgebel)
- intuition (Joel Pust)
- intuitionism — see mathematics, philosophy of: intuitionism
- intuitionistic logic — see logic: intuitionistic
- development of — see logic, history of: intuitionistic logic
- inverted qualia — see qualia: inverted
- Isocrates
- Israeli, Isaac (Leonard Levin and R. David Walker)
J [jump to top]
- Jabir Ibn Hayyan
- Jacobi, Friedrich Heinrich (George di Giovanni)
- James, William (Russell Goodman)
- Japanese Philosophy (Thomas Kasulis)
- aesthetics (Graham Parkes)
- Confucian (John Tucker)
- Kokugaku School [Native Studies School] (Susan Burns)
- Kûkai (John Krummel)
- Kyoto School (Bret W. Davis)
- Nishida Kitarô — see Nishida Kitarô
- Pure Land (Dennis Hirota)
- Watsuji Tetsurô — see Watsuji Tetsurô
- Zen Buddhism (Shigenori Nagatomo)
- Jaspers, Karl (Chris Thornhill)
- Jayarāśi
- Jevons, William Stanley (Bert Mosselmans)
- John of Salisbury (Kevin Guilfoy)
- Jonangpa [jo nang pa] and Kadampa [bka' gdams pa]
- Jones, Emily Elizabeth Constance (Gary Ostertag)
- Juana Ines de la Cruz, Sor
- Judah Halevi — see Halevi, Judah
- judgment
- aesthetic — see aesthetics: aesthetic judgment
- justice
- distributive (Julian Lamont and Christi Favor)
- intergenerational (Lukas Meyer)
- international (Michael Blake)
- transitional (Nir Eisikovits)
- as a virtue (Michael Slote)
- justification,epistemic
- justification, epistemic